Forbes/25 September 2017

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Forbes/24 September 2017

Scholars of geoengineering have reported increasing interest in their work this month as humans seem increasingly unlikely to avert catastrophic global warming.

Governments, universities, think tanks and international bodies are turning to the idea of tinkering with the earth by making it absorb more carbon dioxide or reflect more sunlight into space, the scholars said.

“Even a decade ago this was largely in the realm of fantasy for many, but now there’s a lot of discussion of this in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change reports, in various government research programs, et cetera,” said Wil Burns, the co-executive director of the Forum for Climate Engineering Assessment.

Harvard researcher David Keith said in an appearance at Carnegie-Mellon University this month that Janos Pasztor’s interest in geoengineering “has really changed things.” Pasztor was the chief advisor on climate to former UN Secretary General Ban Ki-Moon. He has entered the once-marginalized discussion of geoengineering—which Keith said “is in some ways like the adult as entered the room.” Last year Pasztor became the founding director of the Carnegie Climate Geoengineering Governance Project.

“This is getting talked about at quite high levels of the UN Framework Convention,” Keith said. “This weekend we’ll get to be face to face with Al Gore debating this. I mean, it really is happening in a way that it wasn’t happening before.”

Gore has described geoengineering as “insane, utterly mad and delusional in the extreme.” But it’s starting to look delusional to think humans will be able to curtail carbon emissions quickly enough to keep the average global surface temperature from rising more than 2ºC, the level at which scientists anticipate catastrophic impacts.

“We already see widespread impacts, consequential impacts on every continent,” said Katherine Mach, a senior research scientist at Stanford University and director of Stanford’s Environmental Assessment Facility. “We can even look at extreme events, like a drought, a flood, and see the ways that we’re driving up the risks.”

Mach said the world has made substantial progress since the Paris Agreement. “The planet as a whole is making a lot of progress in responding to climate change. Our emissions of heat-trapping gasses globally have slowed down. We’re also seeing vast acceleration in terms of our deployment of clean energy solutions,” she said.

But the carbon dioxide already in the atmosphere will have “near-permanent effects.” To keep warming below 2ºC, the human contribution of CO2 has to remain below three trillion tons. It’s already reached two trillion tons, and the next trillion is expected to enter the atmosphere over the next 20 years, Mach said.

That’s about how much time researchers need to better understand the climate impacts of geoengineering, saidDoug MacMartin, a senior research associate at Cornell University.

“We’re now at a point where while mitigation is necessary, it’s not necessarily sufficient,” MacMartin said. “What we know how to do in terms of cutting our carbon emissions is just not going to be fast enough.”

Nonetheless, MacMartin said it would “terrify me enormously” if someone proposed geoengineering today, before the climate impacts are better understood. He estimates it will take 20 years to achieve that understanding. He’s also terrified that once geoengineering is deployed, people will think it’s safe again to pollute. “People say, ‘Oh great, now that we have a solution we can keep emitting CO2.’ That’s probably the thing that keeps me up at night.”

Keith, Mach and MacMartin all emphasized that geoengineering alone cannot solve the problem of anthropogenic climate change. Combined with mitigation, however, it could shave off a temperature peak or slow warming enough to buy humans some time.

“If solar geoengineering makes sense at all, it makes sense as a supplement to cutting emissions, not as a substitute for cutting emissions,” Keith said.

Solar geoengineering is the half of the field that considers making the earth more reflective, either by putting reflective particles in the atmosphere or in space or by encouraging cloud formation. The other half of the field considers ways to absorb atmospheric carbon dioxide and sequester it.

“There are a lot of different types of geoengineering,” Mach said. “They range from planting a tree to putting mirrors into space.”

In the best understood and most discussed method, aircraft would disperse sulfates into the stratosphere, which would reflect some incoming solar energy.

“If we wanted to put sulfates in the stratosphere, which is the thing we know best, then there’s a whole bunch of specific risks with doing that,” Keith said: “Stratospheric ozone loss, warming of the lower stratosphere, impacts on the troposphere—anything you put up in the stratosphere will eventually make it back to the surface—what does it do to human health?”

So far, it appears the risks are much smaller than the risk of allowing anthropogenic climate change to continue unabated, he argued.

“The question is, which is more risky?” Keith asked. “A world with 450 or 550 parts per million of CO2 in the atmosphere, or that same world plus a little bit of solar geoengineering?”

The scientists worry less about risks from geoengineering than about human responses to geoengineering, including conflicts between countries that take differing views of it, a relaxation of attitudes toward carbon pollution, or the possibility that polluters will exploit the technology.

“I want to say up front that I get it—that people will use the work that I and others are doing to try to argue that we don’t need to try to work as hard to cut emissions. So Exxon or the petro-states probably already have to some extent and will likely use that,” Keith said. “I still think it makes sense for us to know a lot about this.”

 

News Source: Forbes

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Inc. Southeast Asia/20 September 2017

Consumers are becoming more apprehensive and sceptical in conducting online transactions due to various scams entangled with online transactions.

Lowering risks of identify thefts

From identity thefts, fraudulent transactions, to online marketplaces not providing enough security to both parties, both consumers and sellers are becoming more hesitant to part with their money through online transactions. According to Brigid McDermott, VP of Blockhain for IBM, “Blockchain is a trusted system of records“.

Therefore, Blockchain payment startup UTRUST aims to solve such payment and trust issues. Having recently successfully raised more than $1.5 million in 90 minutes during its pre-initial coin offering (ICO) sale in late August, the company is a step closer in its bid to bring back the trust between consumers and merchants.

Can online transaction risks be minimized?

According to Goldman Sachs, Blockchain technology is redefining the way we transact and it has a far-reaching potential of changing the way we sell and buy. The technology combines the openness of the internet with the security native to cryptocurrency.

According to UTRUST CEO, Nuno Correia, they intend to establish an infrastructure that will offer fast, secure, convenient, and affordable digital currency transactions. With this in mind, both entrepreneurs and consumers will then be able to gradually re-instil the trust in their online transactions.

“We aim to create an infrastructure that provides the benefits of fast, secure, convenient, and inexpensive cryptocurrency transactions alongside the world’s first cryptocurrency payment protection system. Our goal is to democratise the world of altcoins and Blockchain technology to ensure that anyone can benefit from instantaneous, transparent and cost-effective transactions, irrespective of where they live and level of education.”

Re-establishing trust between consumers and sellers

With increasing number of cases of identify thefts and fraud, the company aims to empower consumers to pay with digital currencies. To protect the buyers, the company will be introducing a purchase protection mechanism that helps minimizes the risks of scams and fraud by providing a full payment protection and acting as a 3rd party mediator during the transaction and also ensuring the delivery of the paid product and services.

Protection from price swings

By tapping into a market that is underserved on the Blockchain – payments for goods and services, payment solutions powered by Blockchain technology help protect both sellers buyers from sudden price swings.

There are limitless applications for Blockchain technology. In fact, banks around the world have been using the same technology that powers cryptocurrencies to optimize their existing processes. With the increasing demand to ensure safety especially in online transactions, businesses need to take better control and precautionary measures to avoid incurring costs associated with fraudulent transactions.

More secure transactions

As a trustless network, no person has the ability to make significant changes within the system removing possibilities of transactions from getting rigged. More so, two parties are able to make an exchange without the oversight or intermediation of a third party, strongly reducing or even eliminating counterparty risk.

Blockchain technology is not only transforming banks and the way both consumers and sellers are making transactions online, but also adapts bank regulation and supervision. It will enable banks to track the progressive history of every transaction on their systems to ensure that the origin, ultimate destination and use of fund is traceable and clear.

Ultimately, Blockchain is leading the way for a wave of tech-based financial innovation which allows much more efficient transaction and protection between merchants and buyers. It places the customer at the center of business and it focuses on the ultimate end game which is leveraging Blockchain to prevent disruption as well as ensure that both parties benefit from such secured transaction.

Disintermediating middlemen

As intermediaries are removed from transactions, counterparties can independently transact and verify the data on a ledger without having to hire expensive third parties to manually perform such tasks helping lower down the costs in the process.

While it may take time for most traditional institutions to fully account for the benefits of the Blockchain, only few can sit on the sidelines as this technology can positively change how we do payment and online transactions.

 

News Source: Inc. Southeast Asia

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The Guardian/20 September 2017

Tony Abbott is reportedly threatening to cross the floor to vote against a clean energy target, warning Malcolm Turnbull it would be “unconscionable” for the government to do anything to further encourage investment in renewable energy.

Abbott told Sky News on Tuesday evening the government had to address market failure by providing base-load power and building coal-fired power stations.

“If we can have Snowy 2.0, let’s have Hazelwood 2.0, and get on with it,” he said, drawing a comparison between the prime minister’s support for pumped hydro power and calls within the Coalition for a new coal-fired power station.

Abbott said there was “no chance” that the Coalition party room would support a significant increase in the amount of renewables in the system, warning that Liberal MPs had “extremely serious reservations” about a clean energy target.

Asked whether he would support a CET, he replied: “It would be unconscionable, I underline that word unconscionable, for a government that was originally elected promising to abolish the carbon tax and end Labor’s climate change obsessions to go further down the renewables path.”

Abbott has been ratcheting up pressure on the government not to adopt the clean energy target recommended by the chief scientist, Alan Finkel.

His latest comments are the clearest signal that he would cross the floor over the issue, joining the Nationals MP George Christensen in leading a potential backbench revolt – although the government could still pass the policy if it reached a bipartisan agreement with Labor.

The Liberal MP Craig Kelly, who chairs the backbench committee on environment and energy, said his position on a CET would depend on how it was structured but he did not rule out crossing the floor.

“There is a real concern amongst a considerable number of us that if we adopted a CET in a specific format, it would put pressure on electricity prices,” he said. “That is something we couldn’t accept.”

Kelly believes the renewable energy target should be frozen for a number of years and increased more steeply closer to 2030 to meet Paris agreement commitments.

Energy analysts and power companies have said that high-efficiency low-emissions coal power stations are not commercially viable and may not be until 2030 and the Clean Energy Finance Corporation has called it a “risky investment” the government should steer clear of.

But in an opinion piece on Wednesday Abbott claimed the unviability of coal power stations was not an instance of market failure but “government failure” because coal had to compete against $3bn a year of subsidies that give the renewables sector an “unfair advantage”.

On Tuesday Turnbull shot back at Abbott’s earlier comments that policy encouraging renewables risked “de-industrialising” Australia.

“I won’t comment on that other than to say we have a renewable energy target that was actually put in place by Tony Abbott in 2015, it is legislated,” Turnbull told 4BC Radio. “And that is in place until 2020. What we’re looking at is the future policy after 2020 to 2030.”

Abbott said that “green religion” had been allowed to trump common sense “for the best part of a decade and a half”, including his two years as prime minister when the RET was legislated. “Knowing what we know now we should’ve gone a lot further than we did.”

He appeared to blame his colleagues for his decision not to scrap the RET, saying that when he was party leader he did not have “the luxury of a personal view” but he had “never been a true believer in this stuff”.

Asked if he would scrap the RET immediately, Abbott said the government had to respect investments made under the existing system owing to sovereign risk, but there should be “no further subsidies, no additional renewables”.

In the opinion piece he explained the government should try to legislate a freeze in the RET, even if it was blocked by the Senate, because it would help the Coalition have a “legislative fight” with Labor, not just a rhetorical one.

Abbott said climate change was “significant” but “by no means the greatest moral challenge of our time”, as it was described by Kevin Rudd.

Turnbull wants to keep AGL’s coal power station Liddell open beyond its planned 2022 closure but has shown less enthusiasm for building new coal power stations.

On Tuesday he said a HELE coal-power station could be built in north Queensland if the LNP’s Tim Nicholls were elected “and the state decides to build one”. Such a project would qualify for funds from the northern Australia infrastructure facility, he said.

AGL has warned that keeping Liddell open for an extra decade could cost $900m.

Labor has focused on lowering energy prices through increased intervention in the gas market, calling on the Turnbull government to increase transparency to help manufacturers facing rising prices and tight supply.

 

News Source: The Guardian

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The Straits Times/20 September 2017

SINGAPORE – Singapore’s electronics manufacturing sector is getting a leg up with the aim of growing it to have a manufacturing value-add of S$22.2 billion and create 2,100 new jobs for professionals, managers, executives and technicians (PMETs) by 2020.

Minister for Trade and Industry (Industry) S. Iswaran on Wednesday (Sept 20) said this comes as the Republic works to broaden capabilities in the electronics sector and build “smart factories of the future”.

He was unveiling the Industry Transformation Map (ITM) for the electronics sector at the official opening of JTC nanoSpace@Tampines. The facility is purpose-built to meet the operational requirements of niche semiconductor manufacturers.

The electronics industry has been, and will continue to be, a key sector of growth for Singapore’s economy, said Mr Iswaran.

Electronics manufacturing accounted for 4.4 per cent of Singapore’s economy last year, with S$90 billion in manufacturing output and employment of about 70,000.

In the coming years, “mobile devices will continue to drive growth in electronics”. “At the same time, we are seeing the emergence of exciting new application areas such as autonomous vehicles, artificial intelligence and healthcare, which rely heavily on electronics.

“Even the smart factories of the future will need more sensors and robots,” he said.

These new technologies will also change the way electronics companies operate and compete, said Mr Iswaran. In addition, advanced manufacturing is set to create new skilled jobs in manufacturing, such as system engineers and automation technicians, he added.

The electronics ITM sets out a two-pronged strategy to grow the industry, Mr Iswaran said. Firstly, Singapore will diversify into new growth opportunities in the electronics sector. Secondly, the existing base of electronics manufacturers will need to transform even as the country looks to attract new investments in high-value components.

To diversify into new growth opportunities, the Government will strengthen the innovation ecosystem to better support companies in developing new capabilities, said the minister.

Economic agencies will bring together MNCs, SMEs, as well as research institutions and institutes of higher learning, to collaborate and develop new solutions for the industry.

Singapore will also continue to attract high value-add activities. This means investing early in building infrastructure to support investments, Mr Iswaran noted, citing JTC nanoSpace as an example.

“The facility is strategically located within Tampines Wafer Fab Park and offers a plug-and-play, quick-start solution that meets the requirements of semiconductor operations,” said Mr Iswaran. “Singapore will continue to invest in next-generation infrastructure solutions to attract MNCs and grow local companies.”

Skills development is also key to gearing the electronics industry up for long-term growth, said Mr Iswaran.

He announced the launch of the Skills Framework for Electronics, an integral part of the electronics ITM developed by SkillsFuture Singapore, Workforce Singapore and the economic agencies, together with industry stakeholders such as employers, industry associations, unions, and the institutes of higher learning.

The Skills Framework identifies emerging skills and competencies for the sector in the areas of robotics and automation, artificial intelligence and data analytics.

Two new professional conversion programmes (PCPs) for electronics are also being rolled out to train electronics engineers and electronics assistant engineers.

These come on top of the four PCPs already launched last year to reskill PMETs for the wafer fabrication and assembly and test sectors.

Mr Alexander Everke, the chief executive of sensor manufacturer ams, said the company is on track to grow more than 40 per cent over the next three years.

The company is the anchor tenant at JTC nanoSpace@Tampines and plans to invest about $200 million over the next three years in its facility there.

It had fewer than 1,000 employees here last year and has since expanded significantly to more than 6,000 staff.

“A big growth driver is the communications segment which includes mobile phone customers, but we’re also strong and fast-growing in automotives, autonomous driving, the Internet of Things among others,” he said.

 

News Source: The Straits Times

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The Straits Times/20 September 2017

SINGAPORE – The biggest property listings portal here has sued its rival over alleged copyright infringement, accusing the latter of reproducing content from its website without permission.

Wednesday marked the start of a six-day trial between PropertyGuru and 99.co, which is being watched for its implication on who owns the copyright of information uploaded onto online platforms.

At issue is the use of a third-party digital app called Xpressor, which lets property agents post listings across multiple portals – resulting in several listings on 99.co bearing PropertyGuru’s watermark.

PropertyGuru, which was co-founded here in 2008 by Finn Jani Rautiainen and Briton Steve Melhuish and claims today to have the business of half the some 28,000 licensed agents in Singapore, has filed three claims against 99.co.

The latter, a relative newcomer, was set up in 2014 by entrepreneur Darius Cheung.

First, PropertyGuru alleges that 99.co had breached a previous settlement agreement made in September 2015 by “substiantially reproduc(ing) and continu(ing) to reproduce” content from its website.

It is also accusing 99.co of infringing its copyright by reproducing photographs bearing the PropertyGuru watermark on the latter’s website.

The final claim is that 99.co had caused property agents to breach PropertyGuru’s rules and guidelines about content on its website, by encouraging them to sign up with Xpressor to copy their listings from PropertyGuru onto 99.co’s website.

99.co has denied the claims, and has filed a counterclaim against PropertyGuru for “groundless threats” of copyright infringement.

99.co argues that agents were “exercising their own copyright” in using Xpressor to post listings across multiple websites.

It is also saying that it has not reproduced PropertyGuru’s photographs; rather, agents themselves have done so by using Xpressor.

On Wednesday morning, PropertyGuru managing director Jani Rautianinen took the stand and was cross-examined by 99.co’s lawyer Koh Chia Ling.

Mr Koh sought to establish that the act of resizing or putting a watermark on an agent’s photograph does not give PropertyGuru copyright over the new image.

But Mr Rautianinen disagreed.

The trial continues in the afternoon.

 

News Source: The Straits Times

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The Straits Times/20 September 2017

TAIPEI (REUTERS) – Taiwan has suspended refined oil and LNG exports to North Korea, as well as clothing and textile imports, to comply with United Nations resolutions, a largely symbolic move by the island to show it is a responsible member of the international community.

Self-ruled Taiwan is not a member of the United Nations, due to Beijing’s position that it is simply a Chinese province and so not able to have its own official diplomatic ties with anyone.

But proudly democratic Taiwan likes to show that it follows international norms, despite its lack of UN membership.

On Sept 11, the UN Security Council unanimously stepped up sanctions against North Korea over its sixth and most powerful nuclear test on Sept 3, imposing a ban on the isolated nation’s textile exports and capping imports of crude oil.

To complement the UN measures, Taiwan said it would suspend liquefied natural gas, crude oil, and refined oil product exports to North Korea with effect from Tuesday (Sept 19), the Economics Ministry said in a statement.

Taiwan will suspend clothing and related textile good imports from North Korea, it added, adding that written pacts made before Sept 11 would prevail for imports until Dec 10, so long as a special permit is obtained from the trade office.

Taiwan’s measure is aimed at “denouncing North Korea’s recent successive nuclear tests and actions that jeopardise regional security”, the Economics Ministry said.

Taiwan and North Korea have only a minuscule trading relationship. Taiwan says its exports to North Korea in the first six months of this year were worth just US$36,575 (S$49,273), an annual decrease of more than 90 per cent.

Last week, North Korea fired a missile that flew over Japan’s northern Hokkaido region far out into the Pacific Ocean, shortly after its biggest nuclear test this month.

 

News Source: The Straits Times

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The Straits Times/20 September 2017

BEIJING – China hopes that Singapore will support Chinese enterprises that wish to participate in the Singapore-Malaysia high-speed railway project, Premier Li Keqiang said on Tuesday (Sept 19), according to state news agency Xinhua.

“China has cutting-edge, safe and reliable, cost-effective high-speed railway technology,” Premier Li said during his talks with Singapore Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong, Xinhua reported. PM Lee is on an official visit to China from Sept 19 to 21.

Singapore and Malaysia are building the 350km high-speed rail linking Singapore and Kuala Lumpur. Targeted to be operational by end-2026, the railway line will cut travel time between the two cities to 90 minutes.

During his meeting with Mr Li, Mr Lee said that Singapore welcomes Chinese businesses to the project.

In an interview with Xinhuanet, Xinhua’s official website, last Saturday, Mr Lee said: “We hope to receive China’s proposals.”

“I think China’s bid will be a high quality one,” he added,  noting that the joint railway project is “very significant” for Singapore and Malaysia.

He said China has advanced technology and rich experience in high speed railway construction and operation, boasting a domestic network of tens of thousands kilometers in length.

The Singaporean prime minister praised China’s high speed railway service for providing passengers with convenience and comfort.

“Very convenient, smooth and comfortable,” Mr Lee recalled his previous experiences of taking high speed trains in China.

 

News Source: The Straits Times

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The Straits Times/20 September 2017

WELLINGTON • New Zealand’s jet fuel shortage forced 39 flights to be cancelled yesterday, 13 of them international, with concerns the crisis might spread after fuel stations in the country’s largest city, Auckland, halted high-octane petrol sales.

The fuel shortage, caused by a damaged pipeline to Auckland Airport, has caused widespread disruption to air travel since the weekend and comes only days before Saturday’s national election, with infrastructure shortages a hotly contested issue.

New Zealand’s military was trucking fuel supplies around the country in a bid to ease the shortage, and government officials have been asked to avoid non-essential air travel.

Air New Zealand said yesterday it was beginning to refuel long-haul aircraft at the international airport in the capital, Wellington. Flights to and from Auckland have stopped at airports in Australia and the Pacific islands, such as Fiji, to refuel.

The airline said in a statement it was restricting its ticket sales, which it called an “unusual step”, and that it would not accept any last-minute cargo, except for important medical equipment.

New Zealand’s largest fuel supplier, Z Energy, said petrol for some high-end cars was not available at 13 of its stations in Auckland, according to a spokesman.

While air travel will continue to be affected until the pipeline is fully operational, the fuel industry has advised government that impacts on petrol and diesel supply for motorists are minimal,” said Energy and Resources Minister Judith Collins.

The government has come under criticism for what has been deemed an infrastructure failure as it faces a tight contest with the newly invigorated Labour Party.

“BIG IMPACT

One pipeline, one digger and New Zealand grinds to a halt.

NEW ZEALAND OPPOSITION LEADER JACINDA ARDERN”

The damaged pipeline is owned by Refining NZ, and the company has told local media that initial investigations showed a digger had scraped the pipe.

“The fact that one digger can cause our international travel to be ground to a halt shows how vulnerable that infrastructure was, and the national government ignored that,” Labour leader Jacinda Ardern said on Monday.

New Zealand’s air traffic control provider Airways said on its website that it was implementing fuel conservation measures, which involve organising airplane landings and take-offs in such a way as to minimise the amount of time they spend in the air to save fuel. It expects up to 10 days of disruptions to passengers.

A spokesman for Refining NZ told Reuters on Monday that the pipeline was closed for repairs and was expected to return to 70 per cent capacity by Sept 24 to 26.

REUTERS

 

News Source: The Straits Times

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The Straits Times/20 September 2017

ISLAMABAD • China is racing to finish one of the biggest hydro-power projects in Pakistan ahead of schedule, yet its location in the long-contested region of Kashmir will draw ire from India.

Construction on the 720MW Karot power station, being built on Jhelum River, began in December last year and looks set to finish nine months ahead of its December 2021 completion date, a first for a Pakistan hydro project, said Mr Qin Guobin, chief executive of the state-owned China Three Gorges South Asia Investment.

“For us, Pakistan is a strategic market,” he added. “If we manage to complete it earlier, we can save financing costs and make it more competitive.”

Pakistan’s energy demand is expected to grow by 6 per cent to 35,000MW by 2024, as its population of more than 200 million grows along with the economy.

For more than a decade, it has been struggling to overcome daily power shortages that have left industry and residents in the dark.

China has stepped in to meet some of those shortages, financing projects worth more than US$50 billion (S$67.4 billion) in an economic corridor that runs through Pakistan.

The route is part of Chinese President Xi Jinping’s Belt and Road plan to connect Asia with Europe and Africa with a web of ports, railways and highways for trade.

The Chinese firm’s focus in Pakistan is clean energy, and it has a US$6 billion portfolio in three hydro and three solar power plants.

The Karot hydro-power project is in the Pakistan-administrated part of Kashmir, which India and Pakistan both claim.

China has a neutral stance on the Kashmir dispute, but relations between China and India hit a recent low during a dispute over a three- way junction between Bhutan, China’s Tibet and India’s Sikkim, which was resolved with both sides standing down last month.

Pakistan considers the hydro- power site a national security priority and has created a special force of 15,000 troops to defend the Chinese projects and that number may be doubled, according to people with direct knowledge of the plans.

The stakes are high for Pakistan, with the planned power generation projects potentially adding US$13 billion to its economy in the next seven years, according to an International Monetary Fund report published in July.

Pakistan’s hydro-power generation potential is an estimated 40,000MW, but the existing installed capacity was only 7,116MW in the 2015-16 fiscal year, according to the National Electric Power Regulatory Authority’s latest report.

Three Gorges is now eyeing the contract for the construction of a 4,500MW Diamir-Bhasha power project in northern Gilgit-Baltistan and north-western Chillas district.

“Pakistan’s total installed capacity is equal to one big city of China like Shanghai,” Mr Qin said. “That’s not enough.”

BLOOMBERG

 

News Source: The Straits Times

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